Osteoarthritis
Definition: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. It’s a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, the cushioning tissue between bones in your joints. Over time, this breakdown can lead to bone grinding against bone, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility in the affected joint.
Causes: The exact cause of osteoarthritis is unknown, but several factors are believed to contribute, including:
- Age: Osteoarthritis is more common as we age, due to natural wear and tear on the joints.
- Genetics: Some people are genetically predisposed to develop osteoarthritis.
- Joint injury: Prior injuries, overuse, or repetitive stress on a joint can increase the risk of osteoarthritis.
- Obesity: Excess weight puts additional stress on weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips.
- Muscle weakness: Weak muscles around a joint can increase the strain on the joint and contribute to osteoarthritis.
Signs and Symptoms:
Pain and stiffness in the affected joint, especially after activity or prolonged sitting or lying down.
Joint swelling or tenderness to touch.
Creaking or grating sensation within the joint during movement.
Reduced range of motion in the affected joint.
Difficulty performing daily activities due to joint pain and stiffness.
Treatment: There’s no cure for osteoarthritis, but treatment focuses on managing symptoms and maintaining joint function. These may include:
- Physical therapy: Exercises to strengthen muscles around the joint and improve flexibility.
- Weight management: Losing weight can significantly reduce stress on weight-bearing joints.
- Pain medication: Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help manage pain.
- Prescription medications: Stronger medications or injections may be needed for more severe pain.
- Joint replacement surgery: In advanced cases, total joint replacement surgery may be an option to replace the damaged joint with an artificial one.
Disclaimer: Please consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment options for osteoarthritis.